Thursday, 10 December 2015

Practical 4 : Experiment 5 -Content of ibuprofen (assay)


Objectives :
To determine the actual content of Ibuprofen in Ibuprofen tablet.
Material:
 Ibuprofen powder, chloroform, ethanol (96%), phenolphthalein solution, 0.1M sodium hydroxide
Apparatus:
 filter paper, filter funnel, 100ml measuring cylinder, 100ml burette, 100ml beaker, hair dryer, conical flask
Procedure
1.      20 Ibuprofen tablets were weighed and crushed into powder using pestle and mortar.
2.      A quantity of powder was measured to contain exactly 0.5 g ibuprofen and then the powder was extracted with 20 ml chloroform for 15 minutes. The mixture was filtered by using filter paper.
3.      The residue washed with 3 . 10 ml chloroform and gently evaporate the combined filtrate just to dryness in a current of air. The residue was dissolved in 100 ml with ethanol (96%) previously neutralized to phenolphthalein solution.
4.      The solution was titrated with 0.1M sodium hydroxide to end point with phenolphthalein solution as the indicator. The content of ibuprofen was calculated if each ml of 0.1M sodium hydroxide is equivalent to 0.02063 g of C13H18O2.











Result
Calculation for weight of tablet powder containing 0.5 g of ibuprofen;
Weight of powder of 20 tablet ibuprofen=7.840g
1 tablet= 200mg ibuprofen
             20 tablet= 20×200mg = 4000mg ibuprofen =4 g ibuprofen
    7.840g tablet powder = 4 g ibuprofen
        X g = 0.5 g ibuprofen
                         X =  (0.5 ×7.840)/4    = 0.98 g of tablet powder

Thus, 0.98g of tablet powder was weighted  and dissolved with 20ml chloroform.
Calculate the content of ibuprofen after titration;
           
Initial burette reading of 0.1M NaOH
100 ml
End point burette reading of 0.1M NaOH
79 ml
Volume of 0.1 M NaOH use
=100-79
=21 ml
The content of Ibuprofen in solution
NaOH + C13H18O2   C13H17ONa + H2O

From equation, 1 mol of NaOH = 1 mol of C13H18O2
No. of mole of NaOH = MV = (0.1)(0.021) = 2.1x10-3 mol

Hence,  2.1x10-3 mol of NaOH =  2.1x10-3 mol of C13H18O2

If each ml of NaOH is equivalent to 0.02063g of C13H18O2
21.0 ml x 0.02063 = 0.43323g of Ibuprofen

Therefore, The content of Ibuprofen is 0.43323g.
Calculation for assay (standard deviation)
=(( Experimental value - Theoretical value )/(Theoretical value)) x 100%
= ((0.43323-0.5 )/0.5) x 100 %
= - 13.35%

This means the experimental value is lower than the theoretical value by 13.35%.


Discussion
            In the theory, the amount of ibuprofen is 0.5g. Meanwhile in experiment, after calculation the amount of ibuprofen in the solution is 0.43323g. There is a small differences compare to the theoretical value with percentage of deviation is 13.35%. the resulted deviation may be due to a certain errors when we are conducting the experiment.
            One of the possible errors detected may due to the ibuprofen that we used for the experiment has expired, causing the loss of active ingredients in the tablets as the active ingredients might have decompose. Therefore, to increase the accuracy of the experiment, we should use ibuprofen tablets that are not expired.
            Others possible errors are, the active ingredient might be left behind a little because we may not rinse it correctly. Besides, the solution are not filtered through a sintered glass crucible but using filter paper and filter funnel. This will cause some of the powder that are not dissolved in the chloroform will pass through into the conical flask. Lastly, the error might happen due to the titration of the solution with sodium hydroxide. Lastly we might miss the actual end-point of the solution that turn the solution from colourless to pale pink in colour.

Conclusion

The content of Ibuprofen is 0.43323g which differ from the theoretical value by 13.35% due to many factors.

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